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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or similar hack exists, it will become a target, a decoration for the bad guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no rear door, and that's as it should be. It does mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the files you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each one of those products to have a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the merchandise accumulated here support AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you might Get More Info prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.